Bulk Modulus of the Elements

Unit

The bulk modulus (K or B) measures a substance's resistance to uniform compression, defined as the ratio of pressure increase to the resulting relative decrease in volume. Its reciprocal at constant temperature is the isothermal compressibility.

Data available for 69 of 118 elements. Highest: Rhodium (380 GPa). Lowest: Chlorine (1.1 GPa).

Visualize Bulk Modulus in the periodic table →

118 elements

Bulk Modulus of the Elements
		Symbol
45	Rhodium	Rh	380
75	Rhenium	Re	370
5	Boron	B	320
77	Iridium	Ir	320
74	Tungsten	W	310
42	Molybdenum	Mo	230
78	Platinum	Pt	230
44	Ruthenium	Ru	220
79	Gold	Au	220
73	Tantalum	Ta	200
27	Cobalt	Co	180
28	Nickel	Ni	180
46	Palladium	Pd	180
26	Iron	Fe	170
41	Niobium	Nb	170
23	Vanadium	V	160
24	Chromium	Cr	160
29	Copper	Cu	140
4	Beryllium	Be	130
25	Manganese	Mn	120
22	Titanium	Ti	110
72	Hafnium	Hf	110
14	Silicon	Si	100
47	Silver	Ag	100
92	Uranium	U	100
13	Aluminum	Al	76
30	Zinc	Zn	70
52	Tellurium	Te	65
50	Tin	Sn	58
21	Scandium	Sc	57
90	Thorium	Th	54
71	Lutetium	Lu	48
82	Lead	Pb	46
12	Magnesium	Mg	45
69	Thulium	Tm	45
68	Erbium	Er	44
81	Thallium	Tl	43
48	Cadmium	Cd	42
51	Antimony	Sb	42
39	Yttrium	Y	41
66	Dysprosium	Dy	41
67	Holmium	Ho	40
65	Terbium	Tb	38.7
62	Samarium	Sm	38
64	Gadolinium	Gd	38
6	Carbon	C	33
61	Promethium	Pm	33
60	Neodymium	Nd	32
70	Ytterbium	Yb	31
83	Bismuth	Bi	31
59	Praseodymium	Pr	29
57	Lanthanum	La	28
80	Mercury	Hg	25
33	Arsenic	As	22
58	Cerium	Ce	22
20	Calcium	Ca	17
3	Lithium	Li	11
15	Phosphorus	P	11
56	Barium	Ba	9.6
34	Selenium	Se	8.3
63	Europium	Eu	8.3
16	Sulfur	S	7.7
53	Iodine	I	7.7
11	Sodium	Na	6.3
19	Potassium	K	3.1
37	Rubidium	Rb	2.5
35	Bromine	Br	1.9
55	Cesium	Cs	1.6
17	Chlorine	Cl	1.1
1	Hydrogen	H	—
2	Helium	He	—
7	Nitrogen	N	—
8	Oxygen	O	—
9	Fluorine	F	—
10	Neon	Ne	—
18	Argon	Ar	—
31	Gallium	Ga	—
32	Germanium	Ge	—
36	Krypton	Kr	—
38	Strontium	Sr	—
40	Zirconium	Zr	—
43	Technetium	Tc	—
49	Indium	In	—
54	Xenon	Xe	—
76	Osmium	Os	—
84	Polonium	Po	—
85	Astatine	At	—
86	Radon	Rn	—
87	Francium	Fr	—
88	Radium	Ra	—
89	Actinium	Ac	—
91	Protactinium	Pa	—
93	Neptunium	Np	—
94	Plutonium	Pu	—
95	Americium	Am	—
96	Curium	Cm	—
97	Berkelium	Bk	—
98	Californium	Cf	—
99	Einsteinium	Es	—
100	Fermium	Fm	—
101	Mendelevium	Md	—
102	Nobelium	No	—
103	Lawrencium	Lr	—
104	Rutherfordium	Rf	—
105	Dubnium	Db	—
106	Seaborgium	Sg	—
107	Bohrium	Bh	—
108	Hassium	Hs	—
109	Meitnerium	Mt	—
110	Darmstadtium	Ds	—
111	Roentgenium	Rg	—
112	Copernicium	Cn	—
113	Nihonium	Nh	—
114	Flerovium	Fl	—
115	Moscovium	Mc	—
116	Livermorium	Lv	—
117	Tennessine	Ts	—
118	Oganesson	Og	—

Bulk Modulus of the Elements

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