Electronegativity (Pauling Scale) of the Elements

Electronegativity (χ) is the tendency of an atom to attract shared electrons when forming a chemical bond. It depends on atomic number and the distance of valence electrons from the nucleus. Electronegativity provides a way to estimate bond polarity along the continuous scale from covalent to ionic bonding.

Data available for 100 of 118 elements. Highest: Fluorine (3.98). Lowest: Francium (0.79).

Visualize Electronegativity (Pauling Scale) in the periodic table →

118 elements

Electronegativity (Pauling Scale) of the Elements
		Symbol
9	Fluorine	F	3.98
8	Oxygen	O	3.44
17	Chlorine	Cl	3.16
7	Nitrogen	N	3.04
36	Krypton	Kr	3
35	Bromine	Br	2.96
53	Iodine	I	2.66
54	Xenon	Xe	2.6
16	Sulfur	S	2.58
6	Carbon	C	2.55
34	Selenium	Se	2.55
79	Gold	Au	2.54
74	Tungsten	W	2.36
45	Rhodium	Rh	2.28
78	Platinum	Pt	2.28
1	Hydrogen	H	2.2
44	Ruthenium	Ru	2.2
46	Palladium	Pd	2.2
76	Osmium	Os	2.2
77	Iridium	Ir	2.2
85	Astatine	At	2.2
86	Radon	Rn	2.2
15	Phosphorus	P	2.19
33	Arsenic	As	2.18
42	Molybdenum	Mo	2.16
52	Tellurium	Te	2.1
51	Antimony	Sb	2.05
5	Boron	B	2.04
83	Bismuth	Bi	2.02
32	Germanium	Ge	2.01
80	Mercury	Hg	2
84	Polonium	Po	2
50	Tin	Sn	1.96
47	Silver	Ag	1.93
28	Nickel	Ni	1.91
14	Silicon	Si	1.9
29	Copper	Cu	1.9
43	Technetium	Tc	1.9
75	Rhenium	Re	1.9
27	Cobalt	Co	1.88
82	Lead	Pb	1.87
26	Iron	Fe	1.83
31	Gallium	Ga	1.81
49	Indium	In	1.78
48	Cadmium	Cd	1.69
24	Chromium	Cr	1.66
30	Zinc	Zn	1.65
23	Vanadium	V	1.63
81	Thallium	Tl	1.62
13	Aluminum	Al	1.61
41	Niobium	Nb	1.6
4	Beryllium	Be	1.57
25	Manganese	Mn	1.55
22	Titanium	Ti	1.54
73	Tantalum	Ta	1.5
91	Protactinium	Pa	1.5
92	Uranium	U	1.38
21	Scandium	Sc	1.36
93	Neptunium	Np	1.36
40	Zirconium	Zr	1.33
12	Magnesium	Mg	1.31
72	Hafnium	Hf	1.3
90	Thorium	Th	1.3
97	Berkelium	Bk	1.3
98	Californium	Cf	1.3
99	Einsteinium	Es	1.3
100	Fermium	Fm	1.3
101	Mendelevium	Md	1.3
102	Nobelium	No	1.3
103	Lawrencium	Lr	1.3
94	Plutonium	Pu	1.28
96	Curium	Cm	1.28
71	Lutetium	Lu	1.27
69	Thulium	Tm	1.25
68	Erbium	Er	1.24
67	Holmium	Ho	1.23
39	Yttrium	Y	1.22
66	Dysprosium	Dy	1.22
63	Europium	Eu	1.2
64	Gadolinium	Gd	1.2
62	Samarium	Sm	1.17
60	Neodymium	Nd	1.14
59	Praseodymium	Pr	1.13
61	Promethium	Pm	1.13
95	Americium	Am	1.13
58	Cerium	Ce	1.12
57	Lanthanum	La	1.1
65	Terbium	Tb	1.1
70	Ytterbium	Yb	1.1
89	Actinium	Ac	1.1
20	Calcium	Ca	1
3	Lithium	Li	0.98
38	Strontium	Sr	0.95
11	Sodium	Na	0.93
88	Radium	Ra	0.9
56	Barium	Ba	0.89
19	Potassium	K	0.82
37	Rubidium	Rb	0.82
55	Cesium	Cs	0.79
87	Francium	Fr	0.79
2	Helium	He	—
10	Neon	Ne	—
18	Argon	Ar	—
104	Rutherfordium	Rf	—
105	Dubnium	Db	—
106	Seaborgium	Sg	—
107	Bohrium	Bh	—
108	Hassium	Hs	—
109	Meitnerium	Mt	—
110	Darmstadtium	Ds	—
111	Roentgenium	Rg	—
112	Copernicium	Cn	—
113	Nihonium	Nh	—
114	Flerovium	Fl	—
115	Moscovium	Mc	—
116	Livermorium	Lv	—
117	Tennessine	Ts	—
118	Oganesson	Og	—

Electronegativity (Pauling Scale) of the Elements

Related properties